A Reflection of Faith Essay Example for Free

A Reflection of Faith Essay A Reflection of Faith As I ponder my confidence venture, I understand that like such huge numbers of other â€Å"cradle Catholics,† I had gotten self-satisfied. I was brought up in an overwhelmingly Catholic country, by an Anglican mother and Catholic dad. In the wake of being obediently purified through water into the congregation, I was set upon my way as any ‘good Catholic† should. Despite the fact that I went to Catholic girls’ school, my beginning of catechesis comprised of Mass and Sunday school more as a custom than a basic piece of living my confidence. I played out the ceremonies of First Holy Communion and admission with no genuine comprehension of my dedication and duties. Affirmation was an otherworldly disaster, from which I nearly didn't recuperate. My folks put forth a valiant effort to give a strict establishment to my kin and me. All things considered, they were most likely sick prepared to do as such. My advanced education and quest for my job have once in a while made it hard for me to acknowledge and comply with some straightforward doctrines of the congregation. I hold numerous solid individual perspectives on numerous issues and have had impressive difficulties applying the doctrine to my own life. I have consistently accepted that God has a reason for all of us; my motivation was somewhat foggy until around seven or eight years back. The sickness and demise of my mom at age 56, was an enormous impetus in my confidence venture. I understood that in my professional journey, I was not following Christ’s plan, additionally, I was attempting to fit Christ into my arrangements. Subsequently, my intense perception of the Holy Days, forbearance structure meat of Fridays in the good 'ol days, and ceaseless adjusted to my area as Eucharistic pastor, Sacristan, and Catechist, were profoundly void. When I really capitulated to Christ and looked for His way, my responsibility to teaching was braced. At the point when God gave me the benefit to serve at St. John, He encouraged a methods for me to additionally upgrade my own confidence, and to affect that of understudies regularly. This statement from 1 Timothy 4:12 â€Å"Let nobody look down on your energy, but instead in discourse, direct, love, confidence and immaculateness, show yourself a case of the individuals who believe;† permitted me to grasp my employment and really observe its blessings. I am gotten to experience my employment in the homeroom and emphatically convey the conventions of our confidence. This, just as extra Catechesis has taken my comprehension of the â€Å"universal† church higher than ever. I love all of my understudies for their uniqueness and capacity to rouse me to be the best case of Christ that I am capable. I no longer spotlight on my own blemishes or on the â€Å"flaws† I once saw in the authoritative opinion; however on every minor achievement I gain in the Christian estimations of my understudies. Since my job in Catholic instruction has ended up at ground zero, I feel honored to be a piece of such a rich custom of confidence and teaching. I energetically have faith in my motivation as a Catechist and I realize that God will keep on reinforcing me as I keep on strolling His way.

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example

Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Example Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Florida Bar Association Rules of Professional Conduct Essay Rules of Professional Conduct (Chapter 4, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar) On This Page I. Issue II. Bar Position III. Foundation IV. Realities and Statistics [pic] I. Issue On January 1, 1987, the Code of Professional Responsibility stopped to administer legal advisors in Florida. The Code was supplanted by the Rules of Professional Conduct, which is Chapter 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The new Florida rules, designed after the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct yet stricter in numerous cases, give refreshed moral guidelines to lawyer conduct and the structure for controlling behavior. Lawyers who disregard the guidelines are dependent upon disciplinary procedures carried by the Bar with punishments forced by the Supreme Court of Florida. Focal points of the new principles include: Greater lucidity, along these lines advancing more prominent comprehension of expert norms; improving straightforward entry for the normal specialist and offering an increasingly clear structure for disciplinary strategies. Direction in numerous issues not tended to in the Code of Professional Responsibility. New Rules of Discipline (Chapter 3, Rules Regulating The Florida Bar), which took impact simultaneously as the Rules of Professional Conduct and corrected further March 16, 1990, permit the Bar to freely recognize objections against lawyers after the Bar has officially documented a protest against a lawyer with the Supreme Court of Florida (cases got before March 17, 1990) and after complaint board of trustees or staff manner, including excusals (cases after March 16, 1990). The Bar will have the option to recognize that reality by refering to the lawyers name, the nature of the omplaint and the status of the case. Beforehand, before January 1, 1987, such data was generally discharged simply after the Supreme Court gave the control request frequently months or years after the conventional protest was documented. The new control leads likewise increment the disbarment time frame from three to five years (before a lawyer can apply for readmission). The principles of order were revised concerning annulment of the stifler rule, considerable decrease in the measure of classification connected to disciplinary cases and to take into account progressively smoothed out complaint advisory group methods. : On February 9, 2000, The Florida Bar requested of the Supreme Court to revise the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. A few adjustments were acknowledged and are currently reflected in the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The latest changes to Chapters 3 and 4 of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar were authorized by the Florida Supreme Court in Amendments to Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, 29 Fla. L. Week after week S265 (No. SC03-705, 5/20/2004). Back to Top [pic] II. Bar Position A. American Bar Association Position The Model Rules reflect long stretches of exertion by a commission of the ABA. The Florida Bar was dynamic in the improvement of the Model Rules and a large number of its proposals were remembered for the last Model Rules record. B. The Florida Bar Position Floridas Rules of Professional Conduct depend on the Model Rules with adjustments explicit to the state. The principles were submitted to the Supreme Court and were endorsed with minor changes in July 1986. The Rules of Professional Conduct mirror the situation of The Florida Bar on issues of lawyer lead and order. Back to Top [pic] III. Foundation A. Recorded The principal national gauges for legal counselors were the Canons of Professional Ethics, embraced by the ABA in 1908, and therefore by most state legal counselor administrative bodies. In 1969 the ABA supplanted the Canons with the Code of Professional Responsibility, which was thusly, received in fluctuating structures by all state bar affiliations. In 1977, the ABA initiative decided the code required adjusting and named the Commission on the Evaluation of Professional Standards, usually known as the Kutak Commission. Following six years of remark, banter and redrafting, the Kutak Commission proposed its last work item, the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which the ABA embraced in 1983 to supplant the Code of Professional Responsibility. The Florida Bar named an uncommon report board of trustees of legal advisors and law teachers from all through the state to contemplate the proposed rules and make proposals with respect to their appropriation in Florida. After exhaustive audit, discussion and formal conferences, the board of trustees suggested that the standards be received with certain alterations. The Florida Bars Board of Governors agreed, and after protracted thought, the Florida Supreme Court entered its request receiving the guidelines, viable 12:01 a. m. on January 1, 1987, instead of the Code of Professional Responsibility. B. Configuration The Code of Professional Responsibility was in a three-section group: the nine Canons, the Ethical Considerations and the Disciplinary standards. The reason for existing was to express the general sayings in the Canons, and optimistic destinations in the ECs, and the enforceable gauges in the DRs. The Kutak Commission found that the Code of Professional Responsibility, including the fluctuating norms found in the Canons, ECs and the DRs, were bulky and hard to apply in the down to earth goals of moral situations emerging in the regular act of law. With the expanding size of the Bar and the need to give increasingly viable moral measures to legal advisors, the Kutak Commission accepted that the repetition organization would make the guidelines a progressively valuable apparatus in the act of law and in disciplinary methodology. The principles likewise give meaningful direction in numerous regions not tended to by the code. The guidelines forsake the three-section organization of the Code. The principles show up in a rehashing position, with an aggregate of 50 dark letter governs in eight sections (Client-Lawyer Relationship, Counselor, Advocate, Transactions With Persons Other Than Clients, Law Firms and Associations, Public Service, Information About Legal Services, and Maintaining the Integrity of the Profession). Going with each standard is a remark clarifying the reason for the standard and giving a manual for understanding. The remarks clarify and decipher the guidelines, yet their announcements of proper lead, to the degree that they go past the genuine orders of the standards themselves, are not compulsory or authoritative. Back to Top [pic] C. Meaningful Some of the zones where The Florida Bar has embraced stricter measures than the ABAs Model Rules include: Client Confidentiality. Florida rules require a legal advisor to uncover data to keep a customer from carrying out a wrongdoing or to forestall a demise or significant real damage to another. The ABA Model essentially leaves disclosure of that data to the tact of the legal counselor. Possibility Fees. Florida decides necessitate that every single such course of action in close to home injury and property harm cases be recorded as a hard copy and shutting articulations dispensing such expenses likewise be recorded as a hard copy. Rate tops are additionally set up for individual injury and unfair demise cases. The ABA has no such top necessities. C harge parting is likewise tended to in the standards. A customer must favor most expense parts before lawyers can share a charge and the end explanation must reflect who got what charges. Generally, the meaningful substance of the guidelines is predictable with the Code of Professional Responsibility that they supplant. A few instances of where the guidelines fluctuate from the code, or address matters not found in the Code include: The standards are reliable with the ongoing professions of the U. S. Incomparable Court on publicizing and basically grant any type of promoting that isn't bogus or misdirecting. Legal counselors are permitted in specific circumstances (counting the repercussions of debacles) to request customers through standard mail publicizing. Legal counselors are required to report moral infringement by different lawyers that bring up a generous issue with respect to the legal counselors genuineness, reliability or wellness as a legal advisor. Beforehand, revealing infringement by different legal advisors was optional. The standards grant disciplinary activity against an attorney who is aware of genuine unfortunate behavior by another legal advisor yet neglects to report it. Lawyers have a comparable obligation comparative with legal wrongdoing. Lawyers are illegal from utilizing implies that have no considerable reason other than to humiliate, postponement or weight a third individual and taboo from making a paltry revelation demand in a pretrial methodology. Legal counselors are required to put forth sensible attempts to facilitate suit steady with the interests of the customer. Sending expenses (here and there called referral charges) are explicitly allowed not just when they are partitioned in relation to administrations rendered, yet in addition where each taking an interest legal counselor only accepted joint accountability with the customer consenting recorded as a hard copy. The guidelines explicitly license legal advisors to propel costs dependent upon result of case. The standards explicitly license an individual from a legal counselors firm to be an observer in a preliminary in which the legal counselor is preliminary advice. Conditions in which a legal advisor may acknowledge work unfriendly to a previous customer are explicitly tended to just because. Contemplations in company portrayal, including clashes that may emerge inside the association, are dealt with legitimately just because. The guideline of classification among legal advisors and customers is extended from the codes ideas of confidences and privileged insights to any data identifying with portrayal. The principles explicitly grant a legal advisor to go about as a go between at least two customers in specific conditions. The standards address the different obligations of senior and subordinate legal counselors in law offices, and the duties regarding legitimate aides, just because. Just because, legal counselors are permitted to take an interest in referral ser

Rasin in the sun two influence

Rasin in the sun two impact Two Influences of the Day Through the play Raisin in the Sun, Beneatha Younger is presented to two men who she the two has an enthusiasm for. This being Joseph Asagai and George Murchison. The two men have some comparative attributes, yet in addition contrasts which make their activities stand apart from each other.To start, the two men are thoughtful on the most fundamental level. They mean well, however goabout it in an unexpected way. Asagai likes to discuss his past and get more engaged with most things more than George. As he appears to need to get serious somewhat more. They are about a similar age and appear in any event by what we see of them in the play to be knowledgeable. Asagai is the more customary of the two, which presumably discloses why he is by all accounts increasingly exposed back and. His consideration for Beneatha can be appeared by his conventional yet representative endowment of his families Nigerian robes.English: Claudia McNeil in A Raisin in the Sun - t.. .

Straight to Your Laptop The Advantages of Compass Online Tutoring

If sports, academics, extracurriculars, and a social life leave you struggling to fit in test prep, let our online tutors bring customized prep to you. Online tutoring gives you all of the benefits of one-on-one tutoring in an engaging, interactive format. document.createElement('video'); http://www.compassprep.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Compass_Parents_Short_FINAL.mp4 It’s convenient. You don’t have to travel, rearrange your schedule around a set class time, or give up sports or activities to fit it in. Your personal tutor comes straight to you, whether you’re just home from hockey practice or on vacation in Spain. It’s hands-on. Video, text, and whiteboard apps let you learn the way you learn best. Talk with your tutor, diagram tough math problems in real time, or edit your latest essay as a shared document. Taking notes is quick and easy; you can type as you go and cut and paste examples straight in. It’s personal. You get the best tutor for you, not just the nearest. You meet on your schedule and wherever you’re comfortable. Skip the crowded libraries – you can work from your desk, your couch, or your hotel room. Â   The Internet is at your fingertips. From grammar rules to math formulas to online sample questions, you can instantly access information, examples, and fresh material. You’ve got full support. You won’t just get an online tutor. You’ll have access to live proctored online practice tests. Schedule tight? Use one of our proctored testing videos! Our interactive score reports will give you quick, accessible feedback.

The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Of 1692 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 909 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? Mary Beth Norton is a Historian and American History Professor at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. Norton has been instructing college students since 1971. Norton has graduated from the University of Michigan and she moved forward to earn a PhD with Harvard University. Norton is also the founder of the Womenrs Studies Program at Cornell University. Mary was the author of the book Founding Mothers and Fathers taking her to the final round for the Pulitzer Prize in history in 1997 (Baron Lecture-Mary Beth Norton). In the Devilrs Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 the events of the Salem Witch Crisis took place. Citizens of Massachusetts were in a wide range panic and the accusations of witches was getting out of control. Norton starts the novel with a thesis, I failed to anticipate when I first embarked on this project. (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 3). Norton expected to base this volume largely on a feminist reinterpretation of familiar materials, primarily the court records published in the Salem Witchcraft Papers and other documents commonly consulted by Salem scholars. (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 3). With a feministic mindset, she started her journey on research, but what she came to discover was a potential alternate cause for the crisis of 1692. What Norton found was a new interpretation of the witchcraft crisis (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 4). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Of 1692" essay for you Create order Norton had realized multiple things with the time period of the 1690rs. The main idea of this book is to identify how the effects of two Indian Wars can cause massive amounts of confusion, stress, and chaos on a small town of Massachusetts. Norton identifies how the families of Salem and the surrounding areas where always threatened with attacks from the Wabanaki and similar Native American Tribes. Norton explains that in one occasion over 50 casualties occurred from a single Wabanaki attack on a northern frontier town. She explains how Salemrs puritan government, terrified and defensive due to failures of protecting the frontier from French and Indian attacks, lead to a massive doubt in God. How could God let the Puritan citizens be murdered while they worship him so frequently and thoroughly? Norton adds vast amount of detail of the trials. A few indications of witchcraft include: Visually witnessing a specter of a person or animal levitating from the ground, frequent murders occurring within the area, consorting with animals, possessing the ?Devils Mark (typically a growth or birthmark), unusual strength for a female, and the inability to successfully repeat the Lords Prayer. These were the highlighted signs that a person was possessed by the devil. Norton explained that the numbers for the accused were in the hundreds, specifically 144 in total. 106 women and 38 men were prosecuted by the Puritan judicial system. Fourteen women and five men were hanged until dead during a trial. One man was crushed by the weight of stones during another trial. Three women, a man, and countless infants passed away while imprisoned for pleading guilty to witchcraft. All parties who had confessed to being guilty during the trials were not executed. Death was usually brought by the trials as proof of witchcraft. Norton also thoroughly explains how the citizens were extremely intelligent during this time period, and social classes identified who was likely to be prosecuted for witchcraft. Personally, the book was interesting, but difficult to get through. There is a hefty amount of detail pertaining to this topic. Nortonrs interpretation of this historical event has made me think outside of basic social classes and politics. Nortonrs book focuses on alternative ideas such as war, mental stability, and the level of life difficulty for this time period. Even though the book was very detailed, it still my interest from start to finish. Another historical book I am referencing is Documents of the Salem Witch Trials. This book is written by Eye Witness Accounts and edited by David Gross. This book was published in 2018. I am referencing this book for several reasons. The first reason is because the book came out this year, which means that potentially newer information was interpreted during the creation of this book. Another reason I chose this book as a second reference was because it has written statements directly from the prosecuted, the judges, and the other parties involved. I am also referencing A delusion of Satan: the full story of the Salem witch trials. Written by Frances Hill and published in 2002. This book seems to be more gripping than In the Devilrs Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. This book goes into further detail on individuals who were accused during the trials. The details seem more gruesome, which would potentially attract more people to read this book. This is a good starting point for basic information from the victims of the crisis in 1692. Works Cited Aasmaster. Baron Lecture Mary Beth Norton. A Place of Reading: Revolutionary Taverns, 12 Nov. 2018, www.americanantiquarian.org/baron-lecture-mary-beth-norton. Norton, Mary Beth. In the Devils Snare: the Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. Vintage, 2003. Goss, K. David. Documents of the Salem Witch Trials. ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. Hill, Frances, and Karen Armstrong. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. Da Capo Press, 2002. Trask, Richard B., and Bernard Rosenthal. Legal Procedures Used During the Salem Witch Trials and A Brief History of The Published Versions of The Records. Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt, pp. 44â€Å"63., Salem Witch Trials. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia, doi:10.4135/9781452218427.n607.

ist 301 - 1765 Words

IST 301 Information and Organizations SUMMER Course Personnel Instructor: Rosalie J. Ocker, Ph.D. E-mail: rocker@ist.psu.edu Course Materials (required) To Access Harvard Business Review Articles: Go to the HBR Web site at https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/19424847 and make sure to register so you can access your course readings. (You will need to register, but you do NOT need to subscribe.) You will need to purchase your HBR readings using your credit card. To read pdf articles, make sure you have the Adobe Reader, which you can download for free at http://www.adobe.com. For technical assistance contact Harvard Business School Publishing at 1-800-810-8858. They are open 8am-6pm Eastern Standard Time. MSDNAA Virtual†¦show more content†¦2. Organizational Culture – Students will be able to analyze an organization s culture, including underlying rules, values, and norms regarding power and politics, gender and diversity, and global differences. 3. Organizational Ethics – Students will be able to identify ethical issues underlying a given situation. 4. Organizational Decision Making – Students will be able to identify relevant stakeholders and anticipate the types of information needed to support organizational tasks and decision making at multiple levels in the organizational structure. 5. Distributed Work – Students will be able to describe the difference between individual work and distributed work, including tasks, decision making, and information needs. Prerequisites: IST 210, IST 220 Teamwork A key to your success will depend upon your ability to be a team player. Slackers beware! You cannot pass this class unless you pull your weight. Should you prove to be a drag on your team’s performance, I reserve the right to remove you from the team at which point you will have to complete the team assignments individually. The highest course grade that you can receive under these circumstances is a D. 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Professional Ethics Bribery Act

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Ethicsfor Bribery Act. Answer: Introduction The report ideally focuses on understanding and evaluating the concept of bribery while also in evaluating the economic, ethical, legal and moral viewpoints of the practice of generating and acceptance of bribes in the larger society. Empirical discussions from journal articles and other literary sources like books would be employed for conducting the needed analysis and in generation of needful inferences. Conceptual Understanding of Bribery The Bribery Act of 2010 identifies bribery as the improper rendering and receiving of financial and non-financial advantage based on the influence generated out of an individuals position and trust in an organisation. The act of bribery that does not involve the direct transfer or exchange of cash focuses on rendering of expensive gifts and generation of services like lavish treatments and facilities or encouraging individuals taking bribes to avail air and rail tickets to significant events(Zafar Lodhi, 2015). The history of bribery is observed to have its roots to around 3000 B.C. and also the issue of bribery is also condemned by the Islamic law in different Islamic nations. The act of bribery tends to significantly affect the capitalist economic system around the world. Bribery potentially affects the free market economy in that it reduces the level of productivity required to be accrued for the producer or manufacturer. Further, bribery related activities is also evaluated to h elp in generating greater funds, facilities and amenities in the hands of the richer population such that the highest amount would go to the person generating the highest bid(Carrigan De Pelsmacker, 2009). The act of bribery also generates increased distrust among the minds of the individuals relating to the different institutions government, non-government, legal, religious and also other professional institutions in which bribery is observed to be highly present among the employees and other authorities. The existence of bribery in a society significantly affects and degrades the value generated by the different types of commercial, non-commercial, governmental and non-governmental institutions. It tends to create a social revolution that in turn affects the level of dependency of individuals on the different types of social institutions (Lauer Cohenour, 2014). The above discussion thus proves the taking of bribes by individuals relating to higher authorities is erroneous in nature and thus requires being effectively monitored and restrained. Bribery is also identified as the root of all corruptive activities that takes place inside a society and thereby attracts the attention of in ternational conventions for tacking the impacts of bribery on the larger society(Brunori, Malandrin, Rossi, 2012). Two main types of briberies that are carried out in corporate firms like public and commercial bribery are defined and compared as is illustrated in the following illustration. (Lord, 2016) Economic Evaluation of Bribery The economic approach to bribery focuses on undertaking and evaluating its impacts based on a clinical cost-benefit fashion. The economic approach to bribery considers as the act of bribery to be legitimate such that the individual paying for the bribe ideally gets access to benefits and opportunities that are expected by the person. The public services like gaining opportunities of admitting children in expensive and elite educational institutions, quality and premium healthcare services and also regarding employment opportunities in both public and private institutions encourage individuals to pay for bribes to authorities involved in such firms. The public and private authorities focusing on gaining hefty bribes aim to create an environment that reflects lack or scarcity of resources that thereby require individuals interested in availing such opportunities to pay for the increased monetary and non-monetary demands of the scrupulous authorities(Zhang, 2015). Further, the high amount of bribes required by public and private authorities thereby reflect only the richer masses in the society to continually gain larger opportunities relating earning effective benefits generated by the institutions. Again, people suffering from poverty and lack of needed education feel the urge for generation of bribes to gain access to scarce and expensive resources. The interest for paying increased amount of bribes tend to gain ground owing to the growing urge for individuals in gaining access to public services (Calkins, 2014). It is also observed that growth in the number of contacts of individuals to public services tends to enhance their chances regarding the payment of bribes. Contacts of individuals with public services tends to vary according to the age of individuals where elderly people though do not require approaching educational institutions for admitting their children yet require to generate bribes for gaining benefits like pensions and other elderly benefits over which they have legal rights(Gonzalez-Padron, 2016). Increasing awareness among youths and other individuals related to the need for generation of bribes to authorities in government and non-government institutions contributes to the growth of practice regarding the rendering of bribes. Thus, employment of social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter further encourages the growth of word-of-mouth based communication that positively influences the bribing practices. Bribery is observed to have reduced influence on the poor people owing to their limited or reduced access and interests in availing better living, health, education and other types of social and economic opportunities (Johnson, 2014). Higher authorities operating in government institutions are observed to fetch bribes not only in cash and equivalent from their clients and also from the client groups of the institution but also evaluate and measure the amount of bribes obtained compared to the number of contracts generated from their end (Peterson, 2013). Higher rank ing officials and authorities in government and non-government firms are observed to demand around 4.7 percent of the total contract value as bribes while the lower ranking officials tend to demand around 1.2 percent of the amount generated as contract values. Further, cash bribes are observed to be largely prevalent in poorer economies owing to the existence of increased customs (Bowen, 2013). Legal Evaluation of Bribery The legal evaluation of bribery is carried out through the incorporation of legal statutes pertaining to different economies both developed and emerging. In United States, bribery is considered as a potential crime such that it focuses on punishing any individual identified with rendering of valuable gifts and increased amounts for influencing public officials and higher authorities for helping in the accomplishment of tasks and also in gaining access to public resources and infrastructures. The American law focuses on punishing individuals identified committing bribery with a fine that amounts to three times the total amount rendered to public officials as bribe and also an imprisonment of around 15 years (Uusitalo Oksanen, 2004). The law relating to bribery and corruption encompasses different rules that aim to punish different individuals involved with the activities for rendering and also taking of bribes. Bribes here are identified as different types of cash and non-cash emoluments like assets, services and different types of favours that are generated by individuals to public officials and authorities operating along both private and public institutions for meeting of private interests (Suikkanen, 2014). Further, the law relating to bribery to help avoid certain misunderstandings associated with the identification of real cases of bribery rightly states that the act of bribery is more involved with the exchange or transfer of property. The exchange or transfer of property is made with an intention or effort associated with influencing an authority for generating a favourable decision and also for helping in gaining of needed access to properties and scarce resources(Yang Jiang, 2014). The American law associated with bribery also restrains individuals involved with the taking of bribes from holding the position of authority in public offices. Further the proving of crime associated with bribery requires the collection of facts and evidences from individuals that were present during the scene when bribery. The people identified for generation of evidences are held as witness to the bribery event and significantly contribute in rendering of first hand information associated with the bribery issue. However defence attorneys insisting to arrive at the truth related to the bribery issue further focuses on cross-examining the evidence rendered by the witnesses. Cross-checking or cross-examination of the issues or evidences highlighted by the witnesses is required to be conducted by the attorney such that the same helps in reduction of the element of bias (Angle Slote, 2013). Public officials identified in the Law relating to bribery and corruption in United States are identified as persons like Members of Congress, delegates and also resident commissioners and also other individuals identified to be working on behalf of the US Government. Again, public officials as identified in the American statute related to corruption are also identified as government departments or agencies or such designated to be operating based on the guidelines or directions generated by government agencies, departments and branches. Again, the term public official is identified as a person that is nominated or rather appointed as a public official by the agencies or departments related to the US Government. Further, a person that has been identified and selected as a public official is rather appointed or nominated to act in the role of a public official by the government bodies and authorities (Athanassoulis, 2013). Ethical Evaluation of Bribery The ethical evaluation of bribery reflects that in some economies the aspect or event of paying bribes is not identified as an ethical issue. The generation of bribes or the cost required to be expended by an individual for payment of bribes to superior officials and parties are only identified as an extension of business cost. The aspect of bribery is identified as a potential crime for business institutions such that a survey conducted during 2014 reflected that around 70 percent of the organisations associated with the extractives industry, 63 percent of organisations related to the defence and security sectors while around 47 and 33 percent of the companies belonging to the pharmaceutical and media market are observed to be increasingly connected with the generation of bribes (Angle Slote, 2013). Close evaluation of cases associated to corporate bribery potentially reflects that different types of gifts and rewards are generated to corporate authorities by individuals as a mode of fulfilling and addressing social customs relating to different economies. Individuals focusing on rendering different types of gifts whether cash based or not are thereby required to identify the customs and cultures associated with the different economies (Wheeler, 2013). The evaluation of local customs related to the rendering and acceptance of gifts would help the individuals to rightly judge and evaluate cases of appreciation and rejection of gifts. Individuals or institutions thus aiming to render and accept gifts and cash or non-cash rewards are required to conduct a thorough study of the codes of conduct of the different firms. The study of codes of conduct for the firms would help in gaining a clear knowledge of the moral expectations of the institutions and thereby would encourage the indiv iduals to act in a likewise fashion (Frding, 2012). International business institutions are observed to be caught in a dilemma associated with the ethical aspect of gifts and rewards whether monetary or non-monetary in nature owing to the fact that some economies reflect increased acceptance of such rewards and gifts. Bribery in whatsoever form is identified to be highly unethical and illegal in developed economies like United States and United Kingdom. Some economies however reflect that is not possible to conduct business and also non-business operations without the taking and acceptance of bribes, cash or otherwise (Russell, 2013). Generation of a gift to an individual operating in a significant role in a business or non-business institution is identified as a crime in United States while in Romania the same is observed as a normal way for gaining exposure and conducting of business activities. Similarly, in Germany cost or expenditure incurred relating to the generation of gifts and rewards are effectively written off by the organisations while the Japanese organisations tend to identify such costs as a potential part of the prime cost of business operations conducted by the firm (Herring, 2013). Further, the event of bribery is also identified by diverse names in different economies with also the existence of legal statutes governing and controlling the generation of bribes to government, public and private institutions and parties. Paying of bribes are considered legally correct in different countries owing to several reasons like the practice and influence of competitor firms in generation of bribes to capt ure stakes in existing businesses, increased delays owing to slow bureaucratic system, influence of tax laws in encouraging bribery and also the existence of below average level salaries and compensations generated to the staffs of public institutions (Boje, 2015). Moral Position of Bribery Bribery is considered as a social crime in that it affects the value of shared ideals that focuses on generating a common good. The act of bribery only focuses on meeting the objectives of material gains rather than enhancing social and common good. Bribery betrays shared ideals such that it affects and suffers the generation of common good. Though the act of bribery tends to increase the level of economic costs and reduces the amount of benefits accruing to the society yet bribery is also analysed to reflect a moral dimension. The generation of bribes by some individuals in the form of gifts and amounts and the acceptance of such by other individuals holding positions of authority along both public and private institutions rightly reflect the existence of moral gaps (Johnstone, 2015). The existence of bribery in the larger society thus contributes in generating increased awareness about moral loopholes that tend to affect the fabric of trust and dependency. The same requires the development of effective strategies that would help in formulating potential solutions and remedies to social problems generated from the bribing public officials and authorities. Further, the rendering and acceptance of bribes by members of the society also creates potential gaps in the regulatory mechanisms such that the same requires the development of effective regulations and statutes and codes of conduct to be followed by the officials and authorities of both public and private institutions. Moreover, the existence of bribery and corruptive activities in the larger society also contributes in enhancing the level of social awareness to potentially cease the practice of rendering and acceptance of bribes. The same requires the different social institutions to form effective partnerships with other institutions for helping in fighting the activities involving corruption and bribery (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2013). Further, the event of bribery also requires understanding and evaluating the need for revising the compensation structure of public officials such that the same would encourage and motivate them to not accept bribes. Moreover, the development of an effective payment structure would also make the public officials understand and feel that the government is conscious of their needs for which the compensation structures have been revised based on contemporary standards. The above feelings and evaluations would rightly help in reducing the generation and acceptance of bri bes in the greater society (Morris, 2015). Conclusions The analysis carried out in the report potentially reflects that the generation of bribery acts as a potential economic cost for the richer and middle income persons in the society and also influences other individuals along the richer society for generation of further bribes. The incorporation of the social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter considerably influences the youths and elderly persons for following others in the generation of bribes to public officials and authorities for getting the work done. The analysis of the legal aspect of bribery reflects needed confusion in that some countries tend to accept bribery as an extension of the operation cost of the firm. Further, different types of legal statutes both along the developed and emerging economies are developed to potentially reduce the incidence of bribery along government and private institutions. The ethical aspect of bribery analyses the ethical significance of the generation of gifts and non-cash bribery to public officials in that in some countries like Romania and Greece the generation of gifts is not considered unethical as in developed economies like United States and United Kingdom. Finally, the moral aspect of bribery is also discussed in the report where the incidence and growth of bribery tends to create and enhance the level of awareness in the greater society regarding the generation of codes of conduct and other regulations for controlling and reducing its impact. References Angle, S., Slote, M. (2013). Virtue Ethics and Confucianism. New York : Routledge . Athanassoulis, N. (2013). Virtue Ethics. United States : AC Black. Boje, D. M. (2015). Organizational Change and Global Standardization: Solutions to Standards and Norms Overwhelming Organizations. New York : Routledge . Bowen, S. A. (2013). Using Classic Social Media Cases to Distill Ethical Guidelines for Digital Engagement. Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 119133. Brunori, G., Malandrin, V., Rossi, A. (2012). Trade-off or convergence? The role of food security in the evolution of food discourse in Italy. Journal of Rural Studies , 1-11. Burkhardt, M. A., Nathaniel, A. (2013). Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing. United States: Cengage Learning. Calkins, M. (2014). Developing a Virtue-Imbued Casuistry for Business Ethics. United Kingdom : Springer Science Business Media. Carrigan, M., De Pelsmacker, P. (2009). Will ethical consumers sustain their values in the global credit crunch? International Marketing Review , 26 (6), 674-687. Frding, B. (2012). Virtue Ethics and Human Enhancement. United Kingdom : Springer Science Business Media. Gonzalez-Padron, T. L. (2016). Ethics in the Supply Chain: Follow-Up Processes to Audit Results . Journal of Marketing Channels , 22-33. Herring, J. (2013). QA Medical Law 2013-2014. New York : Routledge . Johnson, B. (2014). Ethical issues in shadowing research. Qualitative Research in Organizations Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal , 9 (1), 21-40. Johnstone, M.-J. (2015). Bioethics: A Nursing Perspective. United Kingdom : Elsevier Health Sciences. Lauer, S., Cohenour, R. (2014). Responding to Increased Regulation of the Food Service Industry: A Practical Analysis of Supply Chain Solutions for Franchisors and Franchisees. Franchise Law Journal , 34 (2), 175-197. Lord, N. (2016). Regulating Corporate Bribery in International Business: Anti-corruption in the UK and Germany. New York : Routledge . Morris, S. (2015). Science and the End of Ethics. United Kingdom : Springer. Peterson, M. (2013). The Dimensions of Consequentialism: Ethics, Equality and Risk. United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. Russell, D. C. (2013). The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Suikkanen, J. (2014). This Is Ethics: An Introduction. United Kingdom : John Wiley Sons. Uusitalo, O., Oksanen, R. (2004). Ethical consumerism: a view from Finland. International Journal of Consumer Studies , 214-221. Wheeler, H. (2013). Law, Ethics and Professional Issues for Nursing: A Reflective and Portfolio-Building Approach. New York : Routledge . Yang, Z., Jiang, L. (. (2014). Managing corporate crisis in China: Sentiment, reason, and law. Business Horizons , 1-9. Zafar, R., Lodhi, S. (2015). The Study Of Ethical Issues In Restaurant Of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific Technology Research, 4 (11), 370-374. Zhang, M. (2015). International Franchising: Food Safety and Vicarious Liability in China. Franchise Law Journal , 35 (1), 93-103.

The Good Earth Essays - The Good Earth, O-Lan, Wang Lung, Sons, Wang

The Good Earth In the critically acclaimed novel The Good Earth, Pearl S. Buck depicts a humble farmer and his obedient wife O-lan. The Nobel Prize winning classic, set in late eighteenth century China, begins with Wang Lung going to the "Great House of Hwang"(49) to collect the wife that was betrothed to him by his father. Wang Lung lived with his father, wife, and five children, one of whom is mentally retarded. Although Wang Lung supplied all the physical needs for his family and upheld all the family traditions, he showed a strong insensitivity through his extra marital affairs. The story continues to portray the trials and tribulations of their life in a time when a persons livelihood came from the earth. From the earth, Wang Lung receives wealth, food, and prosperity. The earth also brought him dispair through natural disasters, but the earth remained his sole source of innerpeace. Wang Lung was sometimes caring and sometimes insensitive, but he always followed tradition. Wang Lung was a caring and compassionate man with a strong sense of family and adaptation to simple life. For example, Wang Lung showed extreme respect and appreciation for his wife in a time when women were considered to be no more then slaves. In the early chapters of the novel when Wang Lung was poor, he gave O-lan four silver pieces so she may return to the House of Hwang in grand style. He also offered to pay five thousand silver pieces for her recovery after he discovered she had a "fire in her vitals"(170). He then spent the rest of her days by her death bed and bought her the best quality coffin. Furthermore, Wang Lung had a special relationship with his first daughter, Poor Fool, his mentally retarded offspring. Poor Fool did not speak and did nothing more Pagliei 2 then twiddle a piece of cloth in the sun. Although Wang Lung had servants and slaves, he personally took care of his daughter after O-lan died. He also yelled at his love Lotus when she called Poor Fool an idiot: Now I will not hear my children cursed, no and not by anyone...For he was most angry of all that Lotus dared to curse this child of his and call her idiot, and a load of fresh pain for the girl fell upon his heart, so that for a day and two days he would not go near Lotus, but he played with the children and he went into the town and he bought a circle of barley candy for his poor fool and he comforted himself with her baby pleasure in the sweet sticky stuff.(212) His affection for Poor Fool was genuine and he was comforted when she was happy; "Well, and that poor fool of mine brings me more comfort then all the others put together" (234). Another example of Wang Lung's caring is the time and love he put into his land. When his life was in shambles and nothing else made sense, he found innerpeace, tranquillity and understanding about the events in his life when he was out tending to his land. When he had extra money, he did not want pearls, concubines, or rubies, "If I had the gold and the silver and the jewels, I would buy land with it, good land, and I would bring forth harvests from the land" (124). Wang Lung's caring nature was the foundation for a stable family. Although it was rarely displayed, Wang Lung's heartlessness and sheer cruelty deeply scarred the most beloved members in his family. For instance, Wang Lung's Pagliei 3 infatuation with Lotus temporarily blinds his true love for O-lan. Instead of the caring husband O-lan grew to love he was mean and he assaulted her with insults about her lack of beauty and highlighted her extremely large features: He saw for the first time that her hair was rough and brown and unoiled and that her face was flat and coarse-skinned, and her features too large altogether and without any sort of beauty or light. Her eyebrows were scattered and her hairs too few, and her lips too wide and her hands and feet were large and spreading...I would

Definition and Examples of Semantic Narrowing

Definition and Examples of Semantic Narrowing Semantic narrowing is a type of semantic change  by which the meaning  of a word becomes less general or inclusive than its earlier meaning. Also known as specialization  or restriction. The opposite process is called broadening or semantic generalization. Such specialization is slow and need not be complete, notes linguist Tom McArthur. For example, the word fowl is now usually restricted to the farmyard hen, but it retains its old meaning of bird in expressions like the fowls of the air and wild fowl (Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992). Examples and Observations Narrowing of meaning . . . happens when a word with a general meaning is by degrees applied to something much more specific. The word litter, for example, meant originally (before 1300) a bed, then gradually narrowed down to bedding, then to animals on a bedding of straw, and finally to things scattered about, odds and ends. . . . Other examples of specialization are deer, which originally had the general meaning animal, girl, which meant originally a young person, and meat, whose original meaning was food.(Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics: How and Why Words Change Meanings. Random House, 2008)Hound and IndigenousWe say that narrowing takes place when a word comes to refer to only part of the original meaning. The history of the word hound in English neatly illustrates this process. The word was originally pronounced hund in English, and it was the generic word for any kind of dog at all. This original meaning is retained, for example, in German, where the word Hund simply means dog. O ver the centuries, however, the meaning of hund in English has become restricted to just those dogs used to chase game in the hunt, such as beagles. . . .Words may come to be associated with particular contexts, which is another type of narrowing. One example of this is the word indigenous, which when applied to people means especially the inhabitants of a country which has been colonized, not original inhabitants more generally.(Terry Crowley and Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2010) Meat and ArtIn Old English, mete referred to food in general (a sense which is retained in sweetmeat); today, it refers to only one kind of food (meat). Art originally had some very general meanings, mostly connected to skill; today, it refers just to certain kinds of skill, chiefly in relation to aesthetic skill - the arts.(David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2006)StarveModern English starve means to die of hunger (or often to be extremely hungry; and dialectally, to be very cold), while its Old English ancestor steorfan meant more generally to die.​(April M. S. McMahon, Understanding Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 1994)Sand[M]any Old English words acquired narrower, more specific meanings in ME as a direct result of loans from other languages. . . . OE sand had meant either sand or shore. When Low German shore was borrowed to refer to the land itself along a body of water, sand narrowed to mean only the granular particles of disintegrated rock that cov ered this land.(C.M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Wife, Vulgar, and NaughtyThe Old English version of the word wife  could be used to refer to any woman but has narrowed in its application nowadays to only married women. A different kind of narrowing  can lead to a negative meaning  [pejoration] for some words, such as vulgar (which used to mean simply ordinary) and naughty (which used to mean having nothing).None of these changes happened overnight. They were gradual and probably difficult to discern while they were in progress.(George Yule, The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010)Accident and FowlAccident means an unintended injurious or disastrous event. Its original meaning was just any event, especially one that was unforeseen. . . . Fowl in Old English referred to any bird. Subsequently, the meaning of this word was narrowed to a bird raised for food, or a wild bird hunted for sport.​(Francis Katamba, English Words: Structure, History, Usage. Routledge, 2004)

Microeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Microeconomics - Assignment Example A good graphical representation of functional utility is shown below. Marginal rate of substitution represents the rate at which customers are ready to give up one commodity in order to exchange while ensuring a same level of utility. MRS varies with points along the indifference hence it is vital to keep locally in the definition. In addition, MRS of a commodity X is equivalent to the marginal utility of X over the marginal utility of Y. a. An increase in the price of a normal good: This had direct effect of changes in income on consumption choice. In this case, consumers buy more goods when their income rises as the prices remain fixed in the market. In this case, a change in the income of the buyer causes the demand curve to shift. This is evident through a negatively sloped demand curve to counter the space in the exhibit. Therefore, the increase in demand causes an increase in demand and a shift to the right of the demand curve for living space. b. A decrease in the price of an inferior good: In the market, a decrease in the prices of such goods leads to increase in the equilibrium quantity demanded. Therefore, the substitution effect would force the consumer to buy more of the good. c. An increase in the price of a Giffen good: In economics, an increase in the prices of Giffen good increases the quantity of the good that is demanded in the market. This results to an upward sloping demand curve due to interactions of the income and substitution effects. The income effect can be positive or negative when the price of these goods

Corporate Finance Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Finance Coursework - Essay Example It is a given business and finance objective to maximize shareholder value. It appears that there are also non-financial objectives of business hence the debate on shareholder value and stakeholder society rages on. The application of corporate finance theory will therefore will dwell in determining how real is the debate in relation to investment decisions in China under the new draft of Chinese employment contract law? Tirole, Jean (1996) dissected corporate governance on a debate between shareholder value and stakeholder society. He mentioned that corporate governance could be framed in terms of â€Å"shareholder value† using the economists assertion that â€Å"prices reflect the scarcity of resources that management should aim at maximizing shareholder wealth.† On the other hand, he narrated that stakeholder society would approximate the non-economist view of what may appear as â€Å"oblivious to redistributional issues† narrow-minded- or â€Å"out of touch with social realities† as consequences of limiting corporate governance to shareholders’ value maximization. To support the stakeholder society concept, he cited a prevalent view in politics and public opinion that â€Å"corporations should serve a larger purpose and â€Å"be responsible† that is they should reach out to other stakeholders not only to shareholders† (Tirole, 1996) (Paraphrasing made). In discussing therefore â€Å"The Corporate Social Responsibility View†, Tirole (1996) discussed ways under which an â€Å"economist would rephrase the position of the proponents of the stakeholder society† as could recommending â€Å"that management and directors internalize the externalities that their decision impose on various groups.† He thus cited examples of such externalities and concomitant duties toward stakeholders, according to the proponents of the stakeholder society. One is the duties toward employees where he argued that â€Å"firms should refrain from laying off workers when they make

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne and the Holocaust Essay Author John Boyne published his infamous novel The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. John Boyne was born in Dublin, Ireland. Boyne attended Trinity College in Dublin where he first studied English Literature and then proceeded to the University of East Anglia in Norwich where he then studied creative writing. He began his published writing career in the year two-thousand with his first published book The Thief of Time. Though The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas separates itself from Boyne’s traditional style of writing by having being written for a younger audience, it was the book that took John Boyne’s career to the successful point it is now at. Using his father’s date of birth as the same for both Shmuel and Bruno, Boyne could further relate the two boys to a familiar story. Demonstrating the truly catastrophic events of the Holocaust in a fictional novel, Boyne captures the torment that two young boys face in a time where their innocence is taken away by one of the most evil acts of humanity. The Holocaust caused the lives of six million Jews to be lost, and the faith of the survivors. The Nazi Germans called this systematic mass killing â€Å"the final solution to the Jewish question. † In nineteen-thirty-three, Anti-Semitism reached its’ peak in Germany â€Å"†¦destruction, which was launched with torchlight parades and accented by speeches that proclaimed the death of Jewish intellectualism and the purification of German culture. Thus, writings by such Jewish intellectuals as Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud fueled the huge bonfires. Also engulfed in flames was the work of Heinrich Heine, a German poet of Jewish origin. A century earlier Heine had stated, Where books are burned, in the end people will be burned. †¦. his statement would become [true], specifically for the European Jews who found themselves under Nazi domination during the Third Reich. † (The Holocaust Chronicles 53) By July of nineteen-thirty-three, twenty-five thousand Jews amongst other â€Å"unfit† German citizens had been sent to concentration camps or jail. Democracy in Germany had disappeared under Adolf Hitler’s new command with the Nazi Party being the only legal political party. Hitler began a propaganda that the Jew was a threat to the German race, unequal, and inferior, that it must be eliminated in order to restore the power lost during and after the First World War Jewish businesses were boycotted, German citizens began discriminating Jews, physically harming them and humiliating them. Later, German Nazis demanded that all non-Aryan subjects shall retire, â€Å"†¦any person who had a Jewish parent or grandparent was non-Aryan. † (54) The Jews were then places in ghettos, where the living conditions were poor and a preview of their upcoming fate was shown. Forced to wear David’s star as an embroidered badge on their clothing to symbolize their faith, the Jews were publicly isolated for the German citizens to see and attack. This would’ve made many of the Jews feel ashamed and directed them to lose faith in the God they had previously loved and lived by, as that same faith in the religion was what caused their cruel misfortune. Religion is seen repeatedly in both Night by Elie Wiesel and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. In Boyne’s work, the two main characters, Bruno and Shmuel, are two nine year old boys who are unfortunately wrapped up in the horrid events that took place during the years of the Holocaust. Bruno’s father is a high ranking officer working for the S. S during the period of the Nazi Party’s ruling in Germany. He doesn’t show clear understanding of what’s going on and what his father is doing, with help of constant deceit from his parents, his sister and instructor, Bruno still sees no difference between him and Shmuel, who is a Jewish prisoner of a concentration camp. Though there is no difference in the two boys, society, family and religion tells them otherwise, and yet their friendship is unbreakable. â€Å"We’re not supposed to be friends, you and me. We’re supposed to be enemies, did you know that? † (The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas 118) Having been disciplined by society to believe in a concept of inequality between the pure German race and the Jewish people, the friendship between Bruno and Shmuel becomes a significantly touching plot, not in the sense that it shouldn’t or couldn’t be, but in a way that demonstrates the innocence that adults tried to deprive from their children, and the loving bond that brings two boys who are meant enemies together, it makes them equal. Religion isn’t understood, hatred isn’t understood and evil acts are not understood; for once, the naive minds of innocence that cannot understand the plot Hitler formed are perfectly right by the similarity of not understanding their nonexistent â€Å"differences. † Both the real events of World War II and the fictional events within the novel feature a lot of deceit. Propaganda was used by the governments of every country involved in the war as well as within Germany against the Jews. This form of subtle manipulation was successful as it used citizens’ issues and fears to provide an excuse for the events occurring. Hitler used slogans and made powerful speeches throughout his dictatorship that convinced the Germans to believe that the Jewish people really were a threat that Germany had to repel. By blaming their economical issues on the Jews, the Germans had more of a reason to desire the exeunt of their race entirely. â€Å"’Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people Propaganda works on the general public from the standpoint of an idea and makes them ripe for the victory of this idea. ’ Adolf Hitler wrote these words in his book Mein Kampf, in which he first advocated the use of propaganda to spread the ideals of National Socialism among them racism, antisemitism,. ( http://www. ushmm. org ) The novel also shows a pattern of deceit, where Bruno is lied to by his parents when he asks what is behind the fence. Bruno also lies when he denies knowing Shmuel, an act of fear that resurfaces the idea that he is still a child with no desire to be punished. Deceit is a tendency that was believed to be necessary by the furor, Adolf Hitler, in order to proceed with the Final Solution while having his citizens and the rest of the world blind, as they believed his idea was only beneficial to Germany. Hitler and the Nazi Party would have not succeeded had they always been truthful to not only the people within their own borders, but the people outside of them too. It was necessary to deceit in order to succeed, or what he planned to be a success. In Bruno’s case, that same deceit provided him with the loyalty and love to Shmuel to be his friend until death. The accounted Jewish casualties that took place under the furor, Adolf Hitler and commander Heimrich Himmler are an approximate six million, completely exterminating the trace of each and every Jewish family in Germany, for even those who survived left immediately after the Russians set them free from the concentration camps in nineteen-forty-five. Survivors who have testimonies of their experience in the camps, the ghettos, and those who escaped still try to make sense of what happened in the twelve year long battle for survival. Emotionally, they have wounds that will never fully heal over. Mentally, they withhold memories that could only be imagined as the most vivid of nightmares to those of us who didn’t live through the terrorizing events. Spiritually, they are finally free to believe, if they can and most do. They speak of the Holocaust as a test from God, another reason to show their faith to the world. Eliezer Wiesel said in Night, â€Å"That I survived the Holocaust and went on to love beautiful girls, to talk, to write and to have toast and tea and live my life – that is what is abnormal. † Evidently, families were lost and lives were separated, an emotional devastation that one may never come to comprehend. In both of the works, family is demonstrated to be a significant factor. Elie, in Night, speaks fondly of the love for his father and the absolute loss of himself after the loss of his father. In The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Bruno’s mother reveals a love for her family so deep that she becomes despaired with the facts of her husband’s work. Shmuel sacrifices himself, at the side of his best friend, Bruno, to find his father and endanger his own life to save one of a family members’. This was the case for each person who died and survived the Holocaust. â€Å"If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then Jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example. † (Anne Frank)

Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself and Alice Fulton’s You Can’t Rhumboogie i

Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself and Alice Fulton’s You Can’t Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain When I read poetry, I often tend to look first at its meaning and second at how it is written, or its form. The mistake I make when I do this is in assuming that the two are separate, when, in fact, often the meaning of poetry is supported or even defined by its form. I will discuss two poems that embody this close connection between meaning and form in their central use of imagery and repetition. One is a tribute to Janis Joplin, written in 1983 by Alice Fulton, entitled â€Å"You Can’t Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain.† The second is a section from Walt Whitman’s 1,336-line masterpiece, â€Å"Song of Myself,† first published in 1855. The imagery in each poem differs in purpose and effect, and the rhythms, though created through repetition in both poems, are quite different as well. As I reach the end of each poem, however, I am left with a powerful human presence lingering in the words. In Fulton’s poem, that presence is the live-hard-and-die -young Janis Joplin; in Whitman’s poem, the presence created is an aspect of the poet himself. Alice Fulton’s modern sestina â€Å"You Can’t Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain† finds unity in the repetition of similar images throughout the closed form poem. These images hold together to create a unique and disturbing picture of the young rock icon Janis Joplin. Addressed directly to Joplin, the poem strictly follows the sestina form: six six-line stanzas, followed by a three-line â€Å"envoy.† The distinct feature of the sestina is that the same six words conclude the lines of every stanza, simply changing order according to a set pattern from one stanza to the next. I imagine that to write a sestina, the poet... ...he poem around a single figure: Fulton puts Joplin at the center of her poem, while Whitman’s poetic world is drawn around and even within himself. Both capture raw details of human life and misery in their imagery. Both use repetition to define an irregular but recognizable rhythm. Yet the two poems beat out their rhythms in distinct and utterly different measures, leaving me with two powerful figures, created by the poems’ forms, which have their own purpose and form in the larger world beyond poetry. Works Cited Fulton, Alice. â€Å"You Can’t Rhumboogie in a Ball and Chain.† Approaching Poetry: Perspectives and Responses. Ed. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. 128-29. Whitman, Walt. â€Å"Song of Myself.† 1855 ed. Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself.† Edwin Haviland Miller. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989. 9-11.

Servitude in Moliere’s Dom Juan

Throughout his lifetime, Moliere wrote many plays that depict the life of the French aristocrats. In these plays, he makes use of the character of the servant, whose presence is put in juxtaposition with their masters. The combination of the two characters usually causes social clash, thus providing the play a satirical tone. Particularly, in â€Å"Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre,† Moliere introduces an unforgettable servant character in the name of Sganarelle. Unlike the servants that appear in Moliere’s other plays, Sganarelle breaks the tradition of having servants take a minute role as he shares the position of his master in the lead role. This makes him the most important character among all servants Moliere ever created. The character of Sganarelle uniquely stands out among all servant characters in Moliere’s plays because of the large part he plays in â€Å"Dom Juan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . By assigning one of the main roles to a servant, Moliere attempts to expound on the subject of slavery in a different view. Through Sganarelle, Moliere makes clear his message regarding social division and the flaws of the upper class. Analysis of this character can therefore give a better understanding of the play, and of Moliere’s intention for writing plays of the hypocrite. Moliere’s plays of the hypocrite employ a common pattern with the use of loyal servants to care for their masters and be their guide in times of confusion. However, â€Å"Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre† provides a more in-depth characterization as it highlights the importance of a servant character in the life of a master. Throughout the play, Sganarelle’s role in Dom Juan’s life is highly emphasized. In fact, its emphasis could make the audience perceive the two characters as one. In their exchange of dialogues, Sganarelle somewhat serves as an extension of his master’s character, for he often agrees with Dom Juan despite the other’s illogical reasoning. He does this in order to put an end to his master’s prodding or mainly to show sign of respect. Nevertheless, this gesture does not affect the roundness of his character, but makes it all the more interesting. The two main characters in the play are placed in juxtaposition. Dom Juan embodies the upper class or the rich, while Sganarelle embodies the lower class or the common people. In putting them together, Moliere creates a balance between the good and evil, with Dom Juan as the evil character and Sganarelle as the good. In Sganarelle’s own words, he describes his master as â€Å"the greatest scoundrel that ever walked on earth, a madman, a dog, a devil, a Turk†¦a heretic who believes in neither Heaven nor saint, not God, nor bogeyman. (34-35). In Freudian psychology, we can refer to these two characters as the id and the ego, where Dom Juan is the id and Sganarelle is the ego. The two characters are contrasted in the play, with Sganarelle on the positive side opposite to that of his master. The contrast is mainly established with the way they behave and view things. Dom Juan is a typical Casanova whose life revolves around fooling his love interests. His main concern in lif e is to attract women and make them feel miserably in love. First, he woos them until they fall for him and agree for marriage but after that, he leaves them for the sake of another girl, much to the dismay of his servant. Sganarelle constantly warns Dom Juan of the retribution his acts may bring, but Dom Juan would often sway the argument to justify his actions, forcing Sganarelle to give up his point. Likewise, his stature prohibits the servant to condemn his master’s deeds. Though he is allowed to express his views, in the end he also allows his master to win, for he does not have a choice. He admits thus: †¦ I must be faithful to him however I feel. Fear makes me his accomplice. It stifles my feeling; and I often find applauding what I loathe with my very soul. † (35) As society declares, Sganarelle complies with his master’s orders. Due to fear of losing his job, he does what Dom Juan asks him to do, although it is against his will. He tells lies, swears things he does not mean, and covers up for his masterâ€⠄¢s shortcomings in the way the society expects a servant to behave. In complete contrast to his master’s character, Sganarelle is a man of faith. He embodies the common people who are weak and powerless yet are full of faith in God and religion. He exemplifies a believer whose only hope lies in God to save him from his unfortunate situation. With a strong faith, he declares that â€Å"one day the wrath of Heaven will strike him that’s for certain. † (35) His values are more in tact than that of his master; but he is not free to exercise his faith. Nevertheless, Dom Juan gives him the privilege to express himself, and when he does, he speaks his thoughts with some sarcasm: â€Å"Your heart is the greatest nomad that ever was. It likes to be always on the move. It hates to stay in one place for long together. † (36) Because he consents to the wrongdoings of Dom Juan, Sganarelle shares the sins of his master. This means that Sganarelle may be blamed for consenting to his master’s disloyalty to his love affairs. His awareness of this responsibility alone makes him feel uncomfortable; that is why he wishes God to punish his master in order to end up his spiritual agony. Similar to other servant characters in Moliere’s plays, Sganarelle serves as Dom Juan’s close companion. He follows his master wherever he goes, and obeys his will regardless of its consequences. He remains true to him despite the fact that he despises what the master does. The only good thing about Dom Juan is that he allows Sganarelle to speak his mind. In this sense, he shares similarity with the female servant Dorine in â€Å"Tartuffe,† (2000), who freely expresses her opinions on even the most sensitive matters regarding the family. However, unlike the female counterpart who speaks without reproach, Sganarelle is allowed to express his opinions only to a certain extent and upon summons by his master. Since it is very unlikely for Dom Juan to get confused by the deliberate decisions he makes, his effort to elicit opinion from Sganarelle is not because he needs advice on his affairs, but because it pleases him to argue with someone weaker such as his servant. He knows that Sganarelle will have no choice but to agree with him in the end, thus he takes advantage of his servant by winning every argument they have. Although Sganarelle looks weak in Dom Juan’s eyes, looking closely into his character, one may see the strength in him. Amid the struggles he bears in living with Dom Juan, he remains faithful to his faith. Even though he obeys his master, this does not eradicate his faith in God. In fact, it even makes it more intense. As Sganarelle struggles for freedom, his faith grows more each day, and the hope that he will soon be free from his master’s ill doings grows even more. He serves as the conscience that tells Dom Juan what is fair and just, appealing to him to repent and change his ways. In â€Å"Tartuffe† Dorine similarly plays the role of a conscience in Orgon’s life. When the master decides for his daughter to marry the hypocrite, Dorine tries to stop him, saying thus: â€Å"†¦he who weds his child against her will Owes heaven account for it, if she do ill. Think then what perils wait on your design. † (Act 2 S. 2) To a large extent, the similarity between Sganarelle and Dorine is their religious wisdom. Unlike other people who cannot distinguish between truth and hypocrisy, both of them see what lies beneath people’s acts of goodwill. In â€Å"Dom Juan.. † other people are fooled by Dom Juan’s appearance and his kind words except for Sganarelle who knows his master like the palm of his hand. (36) Dorine, on the other, sees the real intention of Tartuffe towards Orgon’s daughter, Mariane. She judges that his regular attendance at church is a sign of hypocrisy. Though Orgon refuses to believe her, she still insists on making him listen to her views because of her concern over Mariane’s future. Another servant character who speaks her mind freely is Nicole in â€Å"Middle-Class Gentleman† (2001). In this play, Nicole plays the servant in Monsieur Jourdain’s home. Finding fault in her master’s rather awkward and delayed interest in the ways of the rich (such as dancing, fencing, poetic speech, etc. ), she openly comments and laughs at Jourdain, much to his disappointment. However unlike Sganarelle or Dorine, Nicole finds support from her master’s wife, who despises her husband’s social climbing. This puts Nicole in a better position to be more outspoken of her opinions. In addition, compared to the other servants, Nicole contributes greatly to the comic elements in the play. Although the audience can find some humor in Sganarelle, it is only in the end that he could truly make the audience laugh while he cries over his lost wages. In contrast, Nicole’s appearance throughout the play is well-noted in her colourful dialogues that employ sarcasm and irony. Like Nicole, Dubois in â€Å"Le Misanthrope† (2000) also helps induce laughter from the audience with his farcical mistakes. The servants in Moliere’s plays serve different purposes. They take the role of a loyal companion, a critique, an advisor, and sometimes a fool. All these characteristics can be found in Sganarelle, making him an interesting servant in Moliere’s plays. This exposition triggers the question, Why did Moliere use a servant character instead of a friend whose status may be similar to that of Dom Juan? Indeed, assigning the role to a friend will make a different story, but one cannot help wonder about this issue. On the one hand, a best friend could likewise serve as a loyal companion and advisor, similar to the role played by Sganarelle. On the other hand, the role of the servant creates a more interesting story. First, it illustrates the conflict between the values of the rich and the poor. Compared to a friend, the servant who comes from a different background has a different set of values acquired from his own social orientation. Sganarelle’s social status affords him views about God and salvation, which are in conflict with his master. Just imagine, if the two characters come from the same background, they will probably connive to disillusion every girl they meet, thus limiting the conflict in the plot. Second, Sganarelle’s social status restricts him to speak his views blatantly. Hence, this causes more conflict towards himself than to his master. With a friend as the critique, the conflict will be between the two main characters, and this could make the plot very ordinary. However with a servant as the critique, the conflict resides only with the servant due to some limitations he has in expressing his thoughts. In the end, he builds a different conflict apart form his master’s, that is, how he could escape his master to avoid all the troubles. Third, with the servant character, the master falls into a pit that serves as his tragic flaw. Without its comic elements, the play would have been a complete tragedy, since Dom Juan maintains pride as his tragic flaw. He refuses to change his ways, believing that he is too powerful to have a need for God. Despite reminders from his servant, he continues with his evil ways, because as expected, he will never listen to a mere servant. As such, the servant character contributes to the master’s tragic flaw, which later leads him to his end. Considering this, one can sense a social commentary Moliere wants to impart through the play. By using the character of a servant, the playwright presents the reality that sometimes those in the lower class who lack proper education and possessions have better religious wisdom and piety than the rich. Through the role of the servant, the juxtaposition between the rich and the poor becomes more visible and effective. Finally, the use of the servant in the play gives it a humorous tone. Specifically, Sganarelle’s lousy effort to cover up for his master’s faults, together with his inner monologues, makes the play interesting and funny. At the end, those who watch it will find themselves pondering on the message of the play at the same time laughing at Sganarelle crying, â€Å"My wages! My wages! My wages! † (47)

German Exercise on Wann, Wenn and Als

When is not necessarily an easy translation in German. There are three words you need to know to express different English variations of when. They are wann, wenn, and als.   A Quick Lesson On Als In German Als means as, when or then, depending on its context. Its the when translation that stumps most German learners. One way to remember it:  als  refers to when in the past, whereas  wenn  (more on that below) refers to when in the future or hypothetically.   When in the past: I should have bought bread when I went to the store. When in the future: When I graduate culinary school, I will make my own bread. Als  can be used when you assign a role to something, like as a child. You could also think of this sentence as saying when I was a child, which works with the when-in-the-past rule. But thats not always the case. Sometimes, the as is more like an as if it is a, such as you can use the box as a table. In German, thats als. Similarly,  als  is used to compare things.   A Quick Lesson on Wann/Wenn Click on  wann/wenn  to review the differences between those two words. An easy way to think of it is  wann  refers to time. Wenn is a bit more complicated. But the good news is, once you memorize the four situations when  wenn  works, the German language rarely breaks its rules.   A German Exercise Now test your knowledge.   The following exercise requires you to fill in the blanks with either the word als, wenn or wann. You will find the answers to this exercise on the next page. 1. ______ du genug schlà ¤fst, dann bist du niemals mà ¼de.2.______ kannst du morgen kommen?3. Er ist grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸er _____ ich.4. Sag mir bitte, ______ ich vorbeikommen kann.5. ______ es dir nichts ausmacht, dann werde ich hier bleiben.6. ______ ich klein war, sang ich viel.7. Es gibt nichts Lustigeres ______ ein Clown.8. ______ ich Zeit hà ¤tte, wà ¼rde ich viel mehr lesen.9. Ich weiß, ______ meine Freundin kommt.10. Ich weiß, dass _______ meine Freundin kommt, werden wir viel Spaß haben. 1. Wenn du genug schlà ¤fst, dann bist du niemals mà ¼de.2. Wann kannst du morgen kommen?3. Er ist grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸er als ich.4. Sag mir bitte, wann ich vorbeikommen kann.5.Wenn es dir nichts ausmacht, dann werde ich hier bleiben.6. Als ich klein war, sang ich viel.7. Es gibt nichts Lustigeres als ein Clown.8. Wenn ich Zeit hà ¤tte, wà ¼rde ich viel mehr lesen.9. Ich weiß, wann meine Freundin kommt.10. Ich weiß, dass wenn meine Freundin kommt, dann werden wir viel Spaß haben.